Here is a typical cinder cone.
Bruce walked up to the lava chimneys that you can see on the upper left.
This is looking down into a chimney.
Looking straight down, you can see into the lava tube.
Looking down from the chimney. Dick is resting in the car.
Another feature of the lava beds are ice caves that formed in the lava tubes.
The park provides stairs to go down into one of the ice caves.
Captain Jack was the leader of a band of Modoc people. He had a stronghold here, which was at that time the shore of Tule lake. He and his people withstood several army attacks and were finally forced to surrender when the army cut off their water supply, At that point, the lake covered 100,000 acres.
Here is a picture of one of the fortifications.
The Modocs carved petroglyphs in the side of an island in the ancient Tule lake. The stone is soft enough that the petroglyphs are disappearing over time..
On the way to Burney, our overnight lodging, we passed the Pit river. It has a spectacular set of falls.
